Pulitzer Prize for Malcolm X book

The late Manning Marable has won the Pulitzer Prize for history, honoured for a Malcolm X book he worked on for decades, but did not live to see published. For the first time in 35 years, no fiction prize was given.

David Foster Wallace's The Pale King, a novel assembled from notes he left behind at the time of his suicide in 2008, was among the finalists for fiction. Also cited were Karen Russell's Swamplandia and Denis Johnson's novella Train Dreams. Johnson's novel Tree of Smoke was a Pulitzer finalist in 2008.

"The main reason is that no one of the three entries received a majority, and thus after lengthy consideration, no prize was awarded," said Sig Gissler, administrator of the Pulitzer Prizes. "There were multiple factors involved in these decisions, and we don't discuss in detail why a prize is given or not given."

News about the fiction category was greeted with surprise.

"No fiction prize!" Jane Smiley, a Pulitzer winner in 1992 for A Thousand Acres" wrote on her Facebook page. "Not even to (Geraldine Brooks') Caleb's Crossing! I did love that one."

Fiction judges have withheld the Pulitzer 10 times before, according to Gissler, most recently in 1977.

Quiara Alegria Hudes's play Water by the Spoonful, which centres on an Iraq war veteran's search for meaning, won the Pulitzer for drama. Hudes previously wrote the book for the Broadway show In the Heights, which won the Tony Award for Best Musical in 2008. Her play Elliot, A Soldier's Fugue was a finalist for the Pulitzer in 2007.

Marable, a longtime professor at Columbia University, died last year just as Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention was being released. Years in the making, the book was widely praised, although some of Malcolm X's children objected to the troubled portrait Marable offered of the activist's marriage to Betty Shabazz.

Another long-term project, John Lewis Gaddis' George F. Kennan: An American Life, won the Pulitzer for biography. Gaddis is a Yale University professor and leading Cold War scholar who began work on the Kennan book in the early 1980s.

The project was delayed by Kennan's longevity. Kennan, a founding Cold War strategist and a Pulitzer winner, was in his 70s at the time he authorized the book. He asked only that Gaddis wait until after his death.

Kennan lived to 101.

"He was a prize-winning author himself, so he would have been pleased," said Gaddis, whose biography also won the National Book Critics Circle award.

Life on Mars, by Tracy K. Smith, won the poetry prize. The general nonfiction prize was given to The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, Stephen Greenblatt's telling of the 15th century rediscovery of the Latin poet Lucretius.

Kevin Puts' Silent Night: Opera in Two Acts" was honoured for music. Puts' debut opera, it was commissioned and premiered by the Minnesota Opera in Minneapolis on November 12, 2011.

"When I was composing it, I felt like it was in some ways easier than anything I've ever written," Puts said. "It just felt natural for me, my first opera. I just thought as soon as I started: If nothing else, I wanted this to go well enough so I could write another opera."

The Philadelphia Inquirer won the Pulitzer Prize in the coveted public service category, while another Pennsylvania newspaper, The Patriot-News, took home the award for local reporting for its coverage of the Penn State child sex abuse scandal.

The Philadelphia Inquirer won for what for the board described as "its exploration of pervasive violence in the city's schools," beating out nominees The New York Times and the Miami Herald.

In announcing the award, the Pulitzer Prize board cited The Tuscaloosa News for "using social media as well as traditional reporting to provide real-time updates, help locate missing people and produce in-depth print accounts even after power disruption forced the paper to publish at another plant 50 miles away."

Administered by Columbia University, the prizes were widely dispersed among various papers for stories that ranged from the a series on wounded American soldiers to the investigation of New York Police Department spying within the Muslim community.

Chosen by juries in categories across journalism, books, drama and poetry, each winner receives US$10,000 (NZ$12,190). Among first time winners were two online news organisations, and Huffington Post, for national reporting, and Politico, for editorial cartooning.

Among the most notable winners was Sara Ganim and members of The Patriot-News Staff, which helped uncover the sex abuse scandal at Penn State involving former assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky.

(AP and Reuters)

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